![]() The studied genotypes were relatively resistant to FHB and were considered as valuable gene source for breeding new wheat cultivars. analyzed the morphometric parameters and chemical properties of grain of nine Polish wheat accessions in terms of the FHB tolerance. Other tetraploid wheat species have not been widely evaluated for reaction to FHB, although moderate or high levels of resistance of T. So far, reactions to FHB in these tetraploid wheats have been extensively evaluated only in wild emmer wheat. The disease affects both hexaploid bread wheat and tetraploid durum wheat and have caused serious losses in grain yield and quality. FHB disease (caused mainly by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch) is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of wheat worldwide. Furthermore, Emmer, Polish and Kamut® wheats could be an alternative source of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance. Moreover, the grain properties are perceived as more natural and healthy. These species are rediscovered by farmers because they grow under organic conditions, in marginal areas and sometimes get higher incomes with respect to modern wheat cultivars. In recent times, ancient wheats such as: Emmer, Khorasan, Persian and Polish wheats and spelt captured the great deal of attention. Moreover, moderate or high levels of resistance against biotic stresses of T. ![]() turanicum (Kamut®) is mass produced mostly in organic farms in the United States, and its grain is used in the production of health foods. polonicum (Polish wheat) is sporadically grown, and it is of marginal importance on the contemporary grain market. durum (macaroni or hard wheat) is a naked wheat, widely cultivated today for pasta production. It can be found only in some traditional farming communities mainly in Ethiopia, India and Yemen. Emmer wheat cultivation has declined today. The process of domestication resulted in originating several cultivated tetraploid wheats, as follows: T. Those independent hybridization events are believed to be associated with the origin of T. urartu and Aegilops speltoides Tausch (2n = 2x = 14, SS). Tetraploid wheats evolved less than 0.5 million years ago through hybridization between T. tauschii Coss (2n = 2x = 14, DD), which resulted in natural hybrid crosses. durum migrated northeastward in association with the spread of agriculture across and beyond the Fertile Crescent region and came into contact with Ae. In the accepted model for the allopolyploid speciation of hexaploid common wheat, the domesticated tetraploid emmer T. Bread wheat possess 42 chromosomes belonging to 3 genomes (2n = 6x = 42 chromosomes, AABBDD) and has no direct ancestor. aestivum relatives have been used extensively to introduce adaptive genes into wheat mainly associated with biotic and abiotic stresses. Considering the progressive genetic erosion caused by narrow genetic diversity of this crop and the increasing number of races of wheat pathogens, there is a need to find new sources of variation. The importance of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in food security and trade is crucial for many countries. Collection and characterization of this germplasm can contribute to the wheat biodiversity safeguard. polonicum genome organization which is essential to develop successful advanced breeding strategies for wheat. ![]() Our work is novel and contributes to the understanding of T. Telomeric region of the short arm of 6B chromosome was the most polymorphic. The polymorphisms of signals distribution were observed in 2A, 2B, 3B, 5B, 6A and 7B chromosomes. Furthermore, pTa-465 and pTa-k566 probes are helpful for the detection of similar organized chromosomes. ![]() Probe pTa-k374, which is similar to 28S rDNA sequence enabled to distinguish signal size and location differences, as well as rDNA loci elimination. A combination of pTa-86, pTa-535 and pTa-713 probes was the most informative among 6 DNA probes tested. The chromosome patterns of Polish wheat were compared to tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) Triticum species: T. polonicum species using different repetitive sequences from BAC library of wheat ‘Chinese Spring’. Here, we established and compared the fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) patterns on chromosomes of 20 accessions of T. durum (2n = 4x = 28, AABB) karyotypes were well examined by chromosome staining, Giemsa C-banding and FISH markers, other tetraploids are still poorly characterized. Triticum genus encloses several tetraploid species that are used as genetic stocks for expanding the genetic variability of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). ![]()
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